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How Russo-Turkish-Iranian Talks May Help Fix Regional Problems, Set Stage for Global Transformation_我的网站

A |     用恰当的物种名称进行保护科普传播，讲好保护故事，具有典型性和代表性。    "The [Putin visit to Iran] is quite important in every sense in the geopolitical, geo-economic, and other aspects," explained Dr. Kerim Has, a political analyst of Russian and Eurasian affairs. "It is the first foreign visit of President Putin out of post-Soviet territory after February 24… We should underline that Mr. Erdogan will be the first NATO country leader who meets with Putin after February 24.",Russo-Iranian cooperation is of particular relevance in the light of western sanctions imposed by the US and its NATO allies on Tehran and Moscow. Russia has been subjected to unprecedented sanctions since the beginning of its special military operation to demilitarize and de-Nazify Ukraine.,However, Moscow and Tehran have already demonstrated resilience and an ability to weather sweeping restrictions and "maximum pressure" from the West, with the policy currently reported to be backfiring in the form of galloping energy prices that accelerated already skyrocketing inflation.,"The fact that both countries are now sanctioned provides an opportunity for the two sides to cooperate with each other without fear of sanctions," said Mohammad Marandi, a professor at Tehran University who was part of the Iranian delegation that helped negotiate the 2015 nuclear deal. "The establishment of a North-South Transport Corridor and investments for both Iran and Russia [are also important]… The new trade route will allow Iran to have access to the whole of the Russian market much more quickly and extensively. And it will also give Russia access to the Iranian market, but also the Indian subcontinent and East Africa as well.",Putin Praises Record-High Trade Turnover With Iran at Meeting With Raisi14:12 GMT,Astana Platform Expands Its Relevance,Alongside Turkey, the two countries form the trilateral Astana platform that was created in 2015 to facilitate a peaceful settlement between Damascus and the Syrian opposition. Currently, the format has been chosen to cover a whole range of regional issues concerning Russia, Iran and Turkey, according to Has.,Turkey plays a unique role in the trilateral format as it is a member of NATO, which has proclaimed Russia and China as the bloc's adversaries. Nonetheless, Ankara has not only refused to join anti-Russia sanctions but is stepping up cooperation with Moscow, the political analyst highlighted.,"Many Turkish companies are replacing western companies in Russia which left the country after February 24," he said. "Some of the western companies which left Russia, are also trying to have new locations around the region. And one of those locations is Istanbul or Turkish cities [where] they are trying to create logistic centers. So, Turkey has the possibility to become a hub for Russia's foreign trade relations.",In these circumstances, Russia, Iran and Turkey's longstanding efforts to shift away from the US dollar and switch to national currencies for trade will have immediate practical application, the analyst explained.,Net trade between Russia and Iran mounted over $4 billion in 2021, up 31% in the past several months. Likewise, bilateral trade turnover between Russia and Turkey reached $33 billion in 2021 and continued to rise in 2022 regardless of sanctions. Speaking to Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov in June 2022, his Turkish counterpart Mevlut Cavusoglu highlighted that Russo-Turkish trade turnover had risen a whopping 100% in April, compared to the previous year.,Talks on Grain Supplies From Ukraine Achieve Significant Progress, Source Says04:59 GMT,Solving Ukraine's Grain Dilemma,Russia and Turkey have yet another sensitive issue to discuss, Has noted, referring to grain shipments from Ukraine.,"Last week there was a meeting between Ukraine, Russia, Turkey and the United Nations in Turkey," the political analyst informed. "There remain a few technical points [to finalize]. So probably Mr. Erdogan and Putin will discuss the issue and they will give their consent on signing such an agreement and probably in the following days in Turkey a new summit between Kiev, Moscow, Ankara and the United Nations will gather again.",Following the beginning of Moscow's special operation in Ukraine, western countries paralyzed Russia's food exports, while blaming Russia for an alleged blockade of grain shipments from Ukraine to "starve" the Global South. Moscow shot down the claim, calling the accusations a "bluff" and pointing out that Ukraine's role as a food commodity exporter is deliberately overestimated: the allegedly "blocked" 20 million tons of wheat constitute just 0.5 percent of the world's food supply. For its part, Russia is considered the world’s largest wheat exporter, providing more than 17% of all wheat sold in the global market while Ukraine's share amounts to roughly 10%.,In late May, the Russian Defense Ministry (MoD) arranged a safe maritime corridor for Ukraine's food exports. The Turkish leadership, which teamed up with Russia to ensure safe passage of ships in the Black Sea, said that the two major obstacles to grain exports are naval mines placed by the Kiev government in Ukraine's major ports and western sanctions slapped on Russian vessels in terms of insurance and the provision of services at international ports.,On June 30, the Russian Defense Ministry announced a troop withdrawal from Zmeiny Island (aka Snake Island) in the Odessa region as a gesture of goodwill. In doing so, Russia demonstrated that it had no intention to hinder UN efforts to maintain a corridor for the export of agricultural products from Ukraine. On July 13, Istanbul hosted the first consultations between representatives of the UN, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine on the issue of unblocking Ukrainian ports for the food exports. Officials are expected to meet again this week to discuss grain shipments via the Black Sea.,Global Power Shifting Away From West, While BRICS Expanding & Increasing Legitimacy14 July, 16:45 GMT,Russia, Iran & Turkey Cooperation Going Global,Vladimir Putin's meeting with the leaders of Iran and Turkey comes on the heels of Joe Biden's three-leg Middle Eastern trip to Jerusalem, the West Bank and Saudi Arabia. Biden's tour largely revolved around the issue of Saudi Arabia's oil production and the revival of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also referred to as the Iran nuclear deal. However, western mainstream press has admitted that the US president failed to make substantial progress on Middle Eastern security and energy during his trip.,Meanwhile, the JCPOA and Middle Eastern security are high on the Russo-Iranian-Turkish trilateral agenda.,"Iran and Russia both agree that the JCPOA must be revived with adequate assurances with the full removal of sanctions, that impede the full implementation of the JCPOA and since the US and the European maximum pressure sanctions have failed," explained Marandi. "It's going to be impossible for the Americans and the Europeans to impose a bad deal on Iran.",In addition, Turkish President Erdogan plans to discuss the latest developments in Syria with his Russian and Iranian counterparts. Syria, yet another Middle Eastern country suffering from crippling western sanctions, remains a focal point of regional security. According to Erdogan, "opportunities" for the region will be offered and discussed at the Astana process.,Moscow, Tehran and Ankara's cooperation has gone beyond the regional format, with Iran formally applying to join BRICS, a group of emerging countries comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Turkey may soon follow Iran's suit. In addition, Iran is expected to sign a permanent agreement with the Eurasian Economic Union on free trade zones.,According to Marandi, western sanctions have become the catalyst for the creation of alternative blocs, financial systems and settlements in local currencies.,"The fact that western countries are sanctioning so many different countries and now that they've added Russia, which is the largest country in the world, to the sanctions list, it creates an incentive for countries like China and others [like] India, Brazil and other players, big and small, to seek alternatives to the western financial system," the professor said. "It's essential for them to be able to continue trade and development without western governments impeding their progress. So I think we're going to see the decline of the US dollar, we're going to see the decline of the euro, we're going to see the gradual decline of western financial institutions, and it will be because of their own actions."。摄影/葛玉修　　在2024年全国两会召开的时候，葛玉修发来他的两会建议。这个建议，是关于希望有关部门规范中国特有珍稀物种规范命名的，更确切地说，是希望通过给中华对角羚正名，来帮助提升中国物种保护的民族自信心和自豪感。　　2016年中国生物多样性保护与绿色发展基金会（简称绿会）创新推出了绿会保护地体系，葛玉修率先申请在青海湖畔创建设立中华对角羚保护地，成为中国绿会首批创建的保护地之一。　　中华对角羚是葛玉修为这一物种起的名字，而目前的名字普氏原羚是以一位沙俄军官的名字命名的。葛玉修认为这个名称并不合理。保护地设立后，他在推动物种保护的同时，始终坚持对其更名。　　中华对角羚是中国特有种，曾广泛分布在内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、青海等地，被当地人称为“黄羊”。

B | 在三年困难时期，国家遭遇大饥荒，人们通过猎捕黄羊，补充食物供给，挽救了无数人的性命，但该物种因此大量减少，到上世纪90年代，在青海湖周边仅存不足300只。摄影/葛玉修　　草场围栏的推广，也对中华对角羚造成了威胁。这些钢丝围栏自20世纪80年代引进后逐步在牧区推广应用，目的是控制家畜牧食活动、调节牧草供求平衡，促进退化草原植被恢复，并固定草原使用权。围栏的高度一般在1.2~1.5米之间，大都带有刺丝，给野生动物迁移带来很大干扰。中华对角羚因跨越围栏勾挂致死的情况时有发生，围栏圈地也压缩了它们的觅食空间，影响了它们的自然活动和种群间基因交流，对包括中华对角羚在内的濒危野生物种的种群恢复带来了不利影响。　　保护地成立后，绿会联合中国科学院昆明动物研究所、志愿者和媒体开展了中华对角羚的研究与调研，包括向青海省政府有关部门发建议函，希望能调整围栏高度，减少围栏数量，不要使用刺网，保障中华对角羚安全迁移与觅食空间，其中仅葛玉修个人就先后给青海省政府递交了8份建议；加强中华对角羚基因采集与研究，在国际学术期刊《保护遗传资源》（Conservation     Genetics     Resources）发表科研论文；组织巡护，联合当地牧民加强中华对角羚巡护救助；开展公益宣讲，其中葛玉修在全国26个省区市演讲640余场，受众达30余万人。

C | 　　这些保护行动，收获了最直接的回报：现在，中华对角羚的数量已逐步恢复到3400多只。

D | 　　“情况在不断好转，青海省政府部门对中华对角羚的保护意识和保护力度也有了很大提升。”葛玉修感谢各界积极努力的成效和有关方面对自己的认可，但他强调，目前还没到松一口气的时候，中华对角羚的种群危急状况依然亟待进一步缓解，“这也是我为什么想要提交这份两会建议的原因”。

E | 　　在葛玉修看来，中华对角羚从广泛分布到极度濒危，再到快速恢复，这个物种的每一种状态都与中华民族有着深刻的情感羁绊，因此更应该使用具有文化特色和物种特征的中文名称。“不一定要用我起的名字，有其他更好的建议，有关部门都可以考虑采纳。”　　葛玉修强调的更名，是有先例可循的。

F | 比如普氏裸鲤（即湟鱼），已经正式更名为青海湖裸鲤。中华对角羚的情况和青海湖裸鲤一样，都是中国本土特有的珍稀濒危种，使用更恰当的中文名称也是应有之义。　　作为绿会中华对角羚保护地主任，葛玉修坚持呼吁，“用恰当的物种名称对其进行保护科普传播，讲好保护故事，具有典型性和代表性。”　　现在，以葛玉修为代表的绿会中华对角羚保护地，早已不局限在某一单独物种的保护层面，而是通过对核心物种的保护，带动更多人关注并热爱青海湖边美好的生态环境。这种热爱，是最富感染力的保护。　　（作者工作单位系中国生物多样性保护与绿色发展基金会）　　来源：《小康》·中国小康网　　作者：王静　　校对：李旭颖　　审核：龚紫陌。

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